Hwj chim Magnet Ib qho luv luv tham txog hom Magnetism

Cov hlau nplaum ntawm cov hlau hloov pauv hloov pauv (xws li hlau) thiab lawv cov alloys thiab cov khoom sib txuas hu ua ferromagnetic, thiab lub npe los ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm hlau, uas yog cov feem ntau thiab feem ntau ntawm ferromagnetic tshuaj.

Samarium (Samarium), neodymium (neodymium) thiab cobalt alloys feem ntau yog siv los ua cov hlau nplaum muaj zog. Thaum tsis muaj qhov sib nqus ntxiv, qhov sib nqus sib nqus yog vim muaj kev sib pauv ntawm cov hluav taws xob ntawm cov atoms uas nyob ib sab lossis lwm yam kev sib cuam tshuam. Thaum lawv lub sij hawm sib nqus kov yeej cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm thermal zog, cov hlau nplaum muaj zog yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub xeev ntawm ib nrab offsetting, thiaj li hais tias muaj ib tug tshwm sim ntawm magnetic lub sij hawm [1]. Thaum siv sab nraud magnetic teb, lub zog magnetization zoo ib yam li cov khoom ferromagnetic nrog kev hloov ntawm sab nraud magnetic teb. Ferromagnetic thiab anti-ferromagnetic muaj tib lub cev lub cev, tab sis lub anti-parallel spin magnetic lub sij hawm loj nyob rau hauv ferrous hlau nplaum sib txawv, yog li muaj ib feem offset ntawm inexhaustible spontaneous sib nqus lub sij hawm, zoo li cov hlau nplaum hlau.

Ferrite feem ntau yog ferrous hlau nplaum. Anti-Magnetic yog lub sij hawm electron magnetic nyob rau hauv atoms ntawm ib co tshuaj kom tshem tawm ib leeg, thiab lub sij hawm sib nqus yog xoom. Tab sis thaum sib nqus hlau yog raug rau ib qho kev siv magnetic teb, qhov kev txav ntawm lub electron orbit hloov thiab ua rau lub sij hawm sib nqus me me nyob rau hauv qhov kev taw qhia rau cov magnetic teb. Cov hlau nplaum muaj zog Qhov no txhais tau hais tias qhov kev sib nqus ntawm cov hlau nplaum yuav dhau los ua tus lej tsis zoo (ntim). Lub magnetization tus nqi yog qhov piv ntawm lub sij hawm sib nqus (hu ua magnetization zog) ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm daim ntawv thov magnetic teb rau lub magnetic teb zog, thiab lub cim yog kappa.

Tus nqi magnetization ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib nqus (sexual) yog hais txog rho tawm ib ntawm 10,000 (-10-6). Tus nqi magnetization ntawm cov khoom paramagnetic yog qhov zoo, uas yog ntau dua li ntawm 1 ~ 3 tus lej ntawm cov hlau nplaum, X txog 10-5~10-3, thiab ua raws li txoj cai Curie lossis txoj cai ntawm Curie- Weiss. Thaum muaj ions, atoms lossis molecules nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv hlau nplaum muaj zog uas tsis yog khub ntawm cov electrons, muaj cov angular momentum thiab orbital angular momentum ntawm electrons, thiab muaj spin magnetic moments thiab orbital magnetic moments. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm sab nraud magnetic teb, lub sij hawm sib nqus ntawm thawj orientation clutter yuav raug coj, yog li qhia cov paramagnetic.