leej twg nrhiav tau magnetism

Lub tswv yim ntawm magnetism tau raug soj ntsuam rau ntau txhiab xyoo, nrog kev vam meej thaum ntxov xws li Greeks thiab Suav siv compasses thiab lodestone rau navigation thiab divination. Txawm li cas los xij, kev nkag siab txog kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov hlau nplaum tiag tiag pib hauv xyoo pua 16th nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm William Gilbert.

William Gilbert, tus kws kho mob Askiv thiab tus kws tshawb fawb ntuj, suav tias yog leej txiv ntawm kev tshawb fawb sib nqus. Hauv nws txoj haujlwm 1600 "De Magnete," nws piav txog nws qhov kev sim thiab kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov hlau nplaum, hais tias lub ntiaj teb yog nws tus kheej lub hlau nplaum nrog rau sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb ncej. Nws kuj tau kawm txog lub lodestone, hlau nplaum hlau los ua cov koob koob, thiab pom tias cov hlau nplaum tuaj yeem nyiam lossis tawm tsam lwm cov hlau nplaum nyob ntawm lawv qhov polarity.

Gilbert txoj haujlwm tau tso lub hauv paus rau txoj kev kawm ntawm electromagnetism, kev sib raug zoo ntawm hluav taws xob thiab hlau nplaum. Txoj hauj lwm no txuas ntxiv nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb xws li Hans Christian Oersted, uas tau tshawb pom tias cov xaim nqa hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tsim cov hlau nplaum, thiab James Clerk Maxwell, uas tau tsim cov kev sib npaug uas piav qhia txog tus cwj pwm ntawm electromagnetic yoj.

Niaj hnub no, kev nkag siab ntawm cov hlau nplaum yog qhov tseem ceeb rau ntau qhov kev lag luam, nrog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tshuaj, thiab kev tsim hluav taws xob. Cov khoom sib nqus xws li hard drives, MRI tshuab, thiab cua turbines cia siab rau cov ntsiab lus nrhiav tau los ntawm Gilbert thiab lwm tus hauv kev kawm txog kev sib nqus.

Raws li cov kws tshaj lij hauv cov khoom sib nqus, peb siv zog los txuas ntxiv cov kev lig kev cai ntawm kev tshawb pom thiab kev tsim kho tshiab hauv cov hlau nplaum. Los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv thiab thev naus laus zis, peb tsom mus tsim cov khoom lag luam uas txhim kho tib neeg lub neej thiab ua kom peb nkag siab txog qhov kev txaus siab no.